decreased antibody production) where hypercortisolemia is a significant immune modulator. Major depression can by accompanied either by activation of inflammatory response or by immune suppression (e.g. It can also influence intestinal permeability and dynamics of IgG response. Psychological stress can activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) with subsequent hypercortisolemia.
Interactions between the digestive system, brain functions and immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediated immunity against food antigens became recently a topic of growing interest in psychiatry research. Treatment providers must take heed of these apparent impediment to ensure clients chequered social functioning does not undermine their treatment compliance. Our results indicate that those enrolled in the MMT program in Myanmar faced many challenges in their daily social functioning. Meanwhile, older age, respondents those who had leisure time with family, and satisfied with current marital status had lower ASI scores (p < 0.05). Stepwise binary logistic regression showed that alcohol and higher frequency of heroin injection were associated with higher ASI scores. After identifying the differences in ASI total scores, we found there were significant associations in the clients' hepatitis C status, age category, frequency of heroin injection, quality of life score, marital status, current leisure status with family/friend, current history of injection in the last 30 days, income status, satisfaction with current marital status, as well as reported drug and alcohol use (p < 0.05). Those reported to have never injected drugs in the last 30 days had lower ASI total scores than those who reported injection drug use (p = 0.01).
Respondents total ASI scores in the respective domains were: employment (47.4%), alcohol (44.4%), drug use (7.2%), legal (49.2%) and social-family relationship (10.7%). Higher ASI scores denote poorer social functioning. The addiction severity index (ASI) was used to objectively assess respondents social functioning in the last 30 days. Understanding factors that undermine clients' social functioning during MMT treatment is vital for improving treatment compliance and quality of life.Ī total of 210 respondents who were already enrolled in a formal MMT program in Myanmar were recruited from five cities through stratified random sampling for this cross-sectional study. Opioid substitution with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is shown to reduce illicit opioid use and renew social functioning. There were no significant changes in cognitive emotional regulation strategies and intensity of psychopathological symptoms. A significant increase in the realisation of all developmental tasks was also observed, but not of specific tasks. The respondents believed life to be more understandable, predictable and meaningful. Results: After six months of methadone treatment, patients displayed a statistically significant change in sense of coherence.
The first research stage included 37 subjects addicted to opiates, and the second 22 persons after 6 months of substitution treatment. The research was conducted at five substitution treatment centres in Poland. Opiate addicts were studied twice – first when on starting therapy and second after six months of participation. Method: The longitudinal study procedure was applied. For this reason, the aim of the present research analysis was to determine what changes appeared in cognitive emotion regulation strategies, sense of coherence, intensity of psychopathological symptoms and level of developmental task completion in the patient group. However, despite the long-term application of this form of treatment, and despite various studies on changes occurring under its influence, still little is known about what changes occur in patients participating in substitution treatment. It was positively demonstrated that this treatment leads to abstinence from illegal drugs and reduction of harm of use. Introduction: Substitution treatment is recommended by the WHO as an effective form of curbing and abstaining from opiate use and improvement of psychosocial functioning of drug addicted persons.
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